Molao-motheo oa Adsorption le litšobotsi tsa ts'ebetso ea li-adsorbents tse tloaelehileng moeeng o hatelitsoeng ka mor'a kalafo

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1. Kakaretso ea Ts'ebetso ea Karohano ea Adsorption

Adsorption e bolela hore ha mokelikeli (gase kapa mokelikeli) o kopana le ntho e tiileng ea porous, karolo e le 'ngoe kapa tse ngata tsa mokelikeli li fetisetsoa bokaholimong ba ntho e ka ntle le bokaholimo ba ka hare ba li-micropores ho ntlafatsa holim'a libaka tsena. theha lera monomolecular kapa multimolecules lera thulaganyou e.
Mokelikeli o adsorbed o bitsoa adsorbate, 'me likaroloana tse tiileng tsa porous ka botsona li bitsoa adsorbent.

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Ka lebaka la litšobotsi tse fapaneng tsa 'mele le lik'hemik'hale tsa adsorbate le li-adsorbent, matla a adsorption a adsorbent bakeng sa li-adsorbete tse fapaneng le tsona li fapane.Ka khetho e phahameng ea adsorption, likarolo tsa mohato oa adsorption le mohato oa ho monya li ka ntlafatsoa, ​​e le ho hlokomela karohano ea lintho.

2. Ts'ebetso ea Adsorption / desorption
Ts'ebetso ea Adsorption: E ka nkuoa e le ts'ebetso ea ho tsepamisa mohopolo kapa e le ts'ebetso ea liquefaction.Ka hona, ha mocheso o le tlase le khatello e phahameng, matla a adsorption a maholo.Bakeng sa li-adsorbents, likhase tse nang le mokelikeli o mongata (lintlha tse phahameng tse belang) li ne li khaphatseha haholoanyane, 'me likhase tse fokolang haholo (ka tlase ho bela) li fokotsehile.

Ts'ebetso ea desorption: E ka nkuoa e le ts'ebetso ea ho etsa khase kapa ho fetoha.Ka hona, ha mocheso o phahame le khatello e tlaase, ho senyeha ho feletseng ho feta.Bakeng sa li-sorbents, likhase tse ngata tse nang le mokelikeli (lintlha tse phahameng tsa ho bela) ha li na monyetla oa hore li ka senyeha, 'me likhase tse fokolang haholo (ka tlaase ho bela) li senyeha habonolo.

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3. Molao-motheo oa karohano ea adsorption le lihlopha tsa eona

Adsorption e arotsoe ka adsorption ea 'mele le adsorption ea lik'hemik'hale.
Molao-motheo oa karohano ea adsorption ea 'mele: Karohano e finyelloa ka ho sebelisa phapang ea matla a adsorption (van der Waals force, electrostatic force) pakeng tsa liathomo kapa lihlopha tse holim'a metsi a tiileng le limolek'hule tsa linaheng tse ling.Boholo ba matla a adsorption bo amana le thepa ea bobeli le ea adsorbent.
Molao-motheo oa karohano ea lik'hemik'hale tsa lik'hemik'hale o itšetlehile ka ts'ebetso ea adsorption eo lik'hemik'hale tsa lik'hemik'hale li hlahang holim'a sekontiri se tiileng ho kopanya li-adsorbate le li-adsorbent tse nang le lik'hemik'hale tsa lik'hemik'hale, kahoo khetho e matla.Chemisorption ka kakaretso e ea lieha, e ka etsa "monolayer" feela 'me ha e fetohe.

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4. Mefuta e tloaelehileng ea Adsorbent

Li-adsorbents tse tloaelehileng haholo-holo li kenyelletsa: li-sieve tsa molek'hule, k'habone e kentsoeng, gel ea silika, le alumina e kentsoeng.

Sieve ea molek'hule: E na le sebopeho se tloaelehileng sa kanale sa microporous, se nang le sebaka se itseng se ka bang 500-1000m²/g, haholo-holo li-micropores, 'me kabo ea boholo ba pore e pakeng tsa 0.4-1nm.Litšobotsi tsa adsorption tsa sieve tsa limolek'hule li ka fetoloa ka ho lokisa sebopeho sa sieve ea molek'hule, sebopeho le mofuta oa li-counter cations.Li-sieve tsa limolek'hule li itšetlehile haholo ka sebopeho sa pore le sebaka sa matla sa Coulomb pakeng tsa cation e leka-lekaneng le moralo oa sieve oa molek'hule ho hlahisa papatso.Li na le botsitso bo botle ba mocheso le hydrothermal 'me li sebelisoa haholo ho arola le ho hloekisa mekhahlelo e fapaneng ea khase le ea metsi.The adsorbent e na le litšoaneleho tsa khetho e matla, botebo bo phahameng ba adsorption le matla a maholo a adsorption ha a sebelisoa;

Khabone e kentsoeng: E ​​na le sebopeho se ruileng sa micropore le mesopore, sebaka se ikhethileng se ka bang 500-1000m²/g, 'me kabo ea boholo ba pore e boholo ba 2-50nm.Khabone e kentsoeng haholo-holo e itšetlehile ka matla a van der Waals a hlahisoang ke adsorbate ho hlahisa adsorption, 'me e sebelisoa haholo-holo bakeng sa adsorption ea metsoako ea organic, adsorption e boima ea hydrocarbon organic matter, deodorant, joalo-joalo;
Silika gel: Sebaka se ikhethileng sa li-adsorbents tse thehiloeng ho silika se ka bang 300-500m²/g, haholo mesoporous, ka pore ea boholo ba 2-50nm, 'me bokaholimo ba masoba bo na le lihlopha tse ngata tsa hydroxyl.E sebelisoa haholo-holo bakeng sa ho omisa adsorption le khatello ea swing adsorption ho hlahisa CO₂, joalo-joalo;
Alumina e kentsoeng: Sebaka se ikhethileng ke 200-500m²/g, haholo-holo mesopores, 'me kabo ea boholo ba pore ke 2-50nm.E sebelisoa haholo ho omisa le ho felloa ke metsi 'meleng, ho hloekisa khase ea litšila tsa acid, joalo-joalo.

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